Photographic shutter.



Patented may 2|, lsol.

H. H. TURNER & V. CLARK.

PHoToGnAPHI'c SHUTTER.

(Application med sept. '1, 1899.)

3 Sheets-Shest I.

(Jin-Modem NVENTORS, auf@ 4 f, Kfm-L.

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Patented may 2|, :901.

H. H. TURNER-8v. V. CLARK.

PHOTOGRAPHIE SHUTTEB.

Application filed Sept. 7, 1899.)

(No Pluriel.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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gdm A TTOKNEY Patented May 2|, |90I. H. H. TURNER &. V. CLARK.

PHOTOGRAPHIE SHUTTER.

(Application med sept.y 7, 1899.) v

' 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

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UNITED lSTATES PATENT OFFICE".

HENRY H. TURNER AND VICTOR CLARK, or ROCHESTER, NE-w YORK, AssieNORsTOTHE GUNDLACH OPTICAL COMPANY, OE sAME PLACE.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTER'."

SPEGIFlGATIONforming part of Letters Patent No. 674,525, dated May 21,1901.

Application iled September 7,1899. rSerial No. 729,742. (.No model.)

To @ZZ whom it' may concern:

Be it known that we, HENRY H. TURNER and VICTOR CLARK, citizens of theUnited States, residing y at Rochester, New York, have jointly inventedcertain Improvements in Photographic Shutters, of which the following isa specification, reference being had to the accom panyiug drawings. 'Y

Our improvements relate to certain improvements in photographic shutterswhereby the construction and operation of the Same are cheapened andfacilitated and the manipulation simplified.

Our improvements are fullydescribed and illustrated in the followingspecification and the accompanying drawings, the novel features thereofbeing specied in the claims annexed to the said specification.

In the accompanying drawings, representing our improved shutter, Figure1 is a side elevation. Fig. 2 is a front elevation, the shutter beingrepresented as set for instantaneous exposures. Fig. 3 is a centralvertical section of the air-cylinder which releases the shutter. Fig. 4is a partial front elevation of the shutter, the covering-plate beingomitted and the parts set for aninstantaneous exposure. Fig. 5 is a sideview of the device for timing instantaneous exposures. Fig. 6 is a frontelevation of the same. Fig. 7 is a Central vertical section of the sameon the line 7 7, Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a section on the line 8 8, Fig. 4,showing the parts below that line. Fig. 9 is a broken elevation showingthe position of the device for instantaneous exposures after the settingof the operatinglever. Fig. 10 is a front view of the exposing-bladesclosed, the front plate being omitted. Fig. ll represents the same open.Fig. 12 `is a front view of the exposing-blades closed and theactuating-lever set, the front plate being omitted. Fig. 13 is ahorizontal section on the line 13 13, Fig. 12. Fig. 14 is a partial viewofthe actuating-lever as seen from the rear side. Fig. 15 is a frontview representing the actuating-lever and the releasing-lever set forinstantaneous exposures, the front plate being omitted. Fig. 16 is anelevation showing the position of the actuatinglever after an exposure.Fig. 17 is a front View representing the releasinglever andtime-exposure lever set for bulb exposures. Fig. 18 represents the sameset for time exposures. Fig. 19 represents the same in the positionsthese parts occupy when the blades are Open during a time exposure. Fig.20 isa central vertical section. Fig.'2l represents the timeexposu relever detached.

Our improved photographic shutter is represented in the accompanyingdrawings as applied to the lens-mount between the lenses, as indicatedin Fig. 20; but it will be obvious that it can beused in otherpositions.

A A' represent, respectively, the front and rear plates or casings,which are iianged or otherwise arranged, so as to inclose the operatingparts, suitable openings being provided for the various levers.

B B are langesfor the lenses, which may be screwed into place orotherwise secured. The plates are attached together by suitable screws.

C represents the usual flange by which the lens-mount is secured to thecamera-front.

D is the actuating-lever, by the movement of which from right to left inFig. 2 the exposing-blades E E are opened and closed, so as to permitthe light to pass through the lens to produce the exposure.

F is the exposure or releasing lever, the outer ends of which projectbeyond the casing for the purpose of operating the shutter eitherdirectly by hand or by the plunger G,

Fig. 3, in the air-cylinder H, which is connected by a flexible tube toa compressible bulb, as ordinarily practiced.

I is the dash-pot, which serves to lengthen or prolong the duration ofthe automatic or instantaneous exposures.

J is the adjustable lever by which the shutter is set for time, bulb,orinst-antaneous exposures. i

K is a cover attached to the front plate and serving to protect theinstantaneous-exposure-timing mechanism. (Shown in Figs. 4, 8, and 9.) l

The actuating-leverD is pivoted to the rear plate at M and extendsthence upward in curved form around one or both sides of theexposure-opening.

N, Figs. 12 and 20, is the actuating-spring, which gives the lever Daconstant tendency IOO l rections from or to the medial plane.

to move from right to left in Figs. 2, 4, and` 12. In the arrangementshown N is a leafspring which bears against the inside of the .case atits outer end, against a stud or boss on the screw M near its middle,and has a lip or projection on one side at its inner end, which engagesin a hole in the actuating-lever. A pin a, Figs. 12, 13, and 20,projects forward from the actuating-,leverand engages Vwitha'catch'bontheexposing-lever F, so

that when set by a movement from left to right the actuating-lever willbe held in the set position, as indicated in Fig. 15, until released'bya movement of the exposing-lever, which is pivoted at w to the plate A.A spring'x is applied to the exposing-lever in any sui-table way.

O O', Figs. 10 and 11, are guides for the exposing-blades E E', whichslide freely in said guides, opening and closing, as indicated in thesaid figures, to produce the exposure. Each of the blades is provided onits inner edge with a circular recess of a size andv shape adapted topermit the light to pass through the whole area of the exposure-orificewhen theblades are open. The guides O O are attached to the rear plateby screws or in any other suitable way. On their inner edges the guidesare provided with suitable grooves in which the blades slide. Each bladeis provided with a stud or pin c., which engages in a slot e in one ofthe pivoted operating-arms P P', which receive movement from theactuating-lever D. The operating-arms P and P" are pivoted at d d',Figs. 10 and 11, respectively, to the rear plate A or to one of theguides on opposite sides of the central vertical plane. The outer endsof the levers are provided with the slots e, which engage with the pinsc on the blades. The inner ends of the arms are connected together byany suitable form of joint which will compel theirl simultaneousmovement in opposite di'- In the construction shown the arm P isprovided with a slotf,vin which a head or lug g on the other armengages, so that when one arm moves in one direction the other iscompelled to move in the other. kAny other suitable form 'of connectionsbetween the arms may be enlployed. In a modification the blades arefastened to the arms, the guides are omitted, and the blades swingfreely about the pivots d ol, opening and closing the exposure-orificeby their to-and-fro movements. This modied Aconstruction is cheaper andavoids the friction of the pins in the slots in the arms and of theblades in the guides. yThe requisite vibrating movement is imparted tothe operating-arms from the actuating-lever by the V-shaped slot h inthe lever and the pin i in one of the arms.

Ther operation will be readily understood from Fig. 12, where it' willbe seen thatfsince the pin vl on one of the armsy engages in theV-shaped slot h in the actuating-lever the lvmovement of the lever fromright to left will .and then outward, thus imparting the requisiteto-and-fro movement to the arms and blades; the setting operation to theset position, the pin t' does not travel in the V-shaped slot h, but inthe pathwayj, Figs. 13 and 14, on the rear side of the lever whichconnects the ends of the V-shaped slot together and has an inclinedbot-tom which causes the lever to spring laterally during its settingmovement, so that the pin is not then engaged in the V- shaped slot. Theend ofthe pin i is beveled, as indicated in Figs. 13 and 20, and thebottom of the pathwayj is inclined, as shown in Fig. 13. When theactuating-lever is shifted from left to right, the end ofthe pin itravels in the pathwayj, the inclined bottom of which causes the leverto spring forward until at the end of the movement it` springs backagain, so as to engage the pin in the slot, ready then to operate theblades and eect an exposure on'the next traversev of the lever fromright to left. The pathway j is curved from the center M to permit thefree movement of the lever.

The mechanism for graduating the length of automatic or instantaneousexposures will be understood from Figs.4 to 9,inclusive. rlhe durationof such exposures is timed by ther dash-pot the lever Q, and theadjustable detent or pin Z ou the actuating-level' D. kFor the ordinaryinstantaneous exposures the dash-pot is not used. In this case theadjust'- able pin Z is retracted or withdrawn outward to its outermostposition, and it swings Ato and fro without coming in contact with anyother parts. When, however, it is desired to regulate the length otinstantaneous exposures, the pin l is shifted inward, so that during thesetting operation it comesin contact with the lug mon the lever R andshifts it and the lever Q, so as toraise the plunger L in the dash-potI, so that the movement of the actuating-lever will 'be graduallyretarded by the escape of the'air from the dash-pot while the pin lis incontact with the lugn on the dash-pot lever Q. .AsL the air escapes fromthe dash-pot the lever Q and its lug 'n move gradually inward out of thepath of the pin Z, and the exposure is then terminated. The dash-potcylinder I is attached to the case in -any suitable manner. The plungerL tits thecylinder `I snugly, but is free to move therein. At its upperend the plunger L is jointed to the lever Q, which is pivoted at o tothe case p, Figs. 4 and 9. p is a spring arranged in vany suitable wayto press the plunger L into the dash-pot. The lever R is pivoted to fthecaseat q, and

it may also be provided with a suitable springv fr, arranged to pressvthe outer end4 of the le- When theV leverv is shiftedY during IOO IIO

-ver inward.

The'lever R is provided with a lug s, which engages underneath thedashpot lever Q, so that when the lever R is shifted by the pin Zcomingin contact with the lug m during the setting movement. of theactuating-lever the lever Q will be raised and the plunger L drawn outin the dash-pot I. The duration of the instantaneous exposure willdepend upon the length of time the pin Z remains in contact with the lugn, and this will obviously depend upon the position in radial adjustmentof the point of the pin Z. When the pin is so adjusted, as indicated inFig 4, that it travels outward of the lug m on the lever R, there willbe no lengthening or retarding of the instantaneous exposure and thedash-pot will not be called into use at all. When, however, the pin isadjusted radially inward, it comes in contact with the lug 'm when thelever is being set and shifts the lever R, and this shifts the lever Qso as to draw the plunger L outward in the dashpot and so that as thepin Zreturns during the exposing movement ofthe actuating-lever it willbe arrested or retarded by contact with the lug n on the lever Q, whichgradually moves out of the way as the air escapes from the dash-pot. Itwill be obvious that the farther inward the pin Z is adjusted the longerit will remain in contact with the lug n and the more the exposure canbe prolonged, which of course can be regulated and indicated by asuit-able graduation or scale applied to the adjusting mechanism of thepin Z. The air escapes from the dash-pot around the plunger at a ratewhich is sensibly constant for any particular construction, so that thescale of the timing is easily arranged. The position of thek parts whilethe pin Z is engaged with the vdash-pot lever is shown by the dottedlines in Fig. 9, from which it will be readily seen that the duration ofthe contact will depend on the radially-adjusted position of the pointof the pin.

Any suitable means may be employed for adjusting the detent or pinZ'radially inward or outward on the actuating-lever. In the constructionshown there is a nut t, internally threaded and engaging with ascrewthread u, on a stem carrying rthe pin Z. By turning the nut the pinZ is adjusted radially in and out. y Any suitable graduation may beapplied to the nut to indicate that the exposure when the nut isVproperly set with some non-revoluble part is a quarter, a ftieth, orother fraction of a second, as may be preferred. The nut t is supportedon the actuating-lever by a suitable arm or arms fu. These arms may beconnected together outside the stem or otherwise arranged to support theadjust-able timing-pin on the actuating-lever.

For time and bulb exposures the lever J' and its adjuncts are pivoted onthe exposingleve'rl F, which is arranged to be worked at one end by handand at the other by the ordinary pneumatic bulb. The time and bulbexposure lever J is pivoted to the releasinglever F at fy, Fig. 15, andits inner ends are so arranged that when properly set they interposethemselves in the path of a pin or detent on the actuating-lever andarrest its motion either while the bulbis held compressed or until it isagain compressed, as may be necessary for either bulbor time exposures.The construction of the time or bulb exposure lever will be understoodfrom Figs. 17, 18,19, and 21. There is an adjustable outside thumb-pieceor handle which may be set to any snita ble marks on the case or thecover-such, for instance, as T B I, indicating, respectively, timeexposures, bulb exposures, and instantaneous exposures, the latter otcourse being timed in duration by the mechanism already described, ifdesired. The shape of the lever J will be understood from Fig. 21. It ispivoted at y to the exposing-lever F, and it may be provided with lugsor notches z, which engage with corresponding notches or projections onthe level', so as to hold it in place in any of its positions ot'adjustment. For instantaneous exposures the pin a. on theactuating-lever passes over the inner ends S and T of the time-lever Jwithout contact. with them, such arrangement being 'indicated in Fig.15. For bulb exposures the lever J is set so that the arm S isinterposed in the path of the pin a and arrests the movement of theactiiating-lever with the blades open until the pressure on the bulbbeing released the lever F falls, the arm S is moved out of contact withthe pin, and the blades close. The operation will be understood vfromFig. 17. For time exposures the arm T is interposed in the path ot' thepin, and as the lever F falls the pin slips olf of the end of the arm Tand immediately engages with the end of the arm S, by which it is held,(see Fig. 19,) the blades remaining open until another movement of thelever F raises the arm S out of contact with the pin and permitsthe'blades to close. The arm S is shorter'than T, and their ends arebent or oiset, as indicated in Fig. 21.

The iris-diaphragm is preferably applied immediately behind the shutter.

We claiml. In a photographic shutter, the combination, with the movableexposing-blades, connected together so as to open and closesimultaneously, of the swinging spring-pressed actuating-lever, providedwith the V-shaped slot and with the inclined pathway connecting the endsof the slot, as and for the purposes described.

2. In a photographic shutter, the combination, with the movableexposing-blades, connected together so as to open and closesimultaneously, of the swinging spring-pressed actuating-lever, providedwith the V-shaped slot and with the inclined pathway connecting the endsof the slot, and the pivoted e-xas and for the purposes set forth.

I v tive situation by the setting of the actuating- 3. In a photographicshutter, the combination, with the movable exposing-blades, connectedtogether'so as to open and close simultaneously, of the swingingspring-pressed actuating-lever, provided with the V-shaped slot and theinclined pathway connecting the ends of the slot, the pivotedexposing-lever provided with a suitable catch, and the pivotedtime-exposure lever carried by the exposing-lever, as and for thepurposes set forth.

4. In a photographic shutter, a casing, exposing-blades movable therein,an actuatinglever pivoted inthe casing and adapted to operate theexposing-blades, and means supported in the casing and moved intooperalever to retard its return movement.

5. In a photographic shutter, a casing, eX- posing-blades therein, an'operating-lever for the exposing-blades pivoted in the easing, and meanssupported in the casing and moved into operative situation by t-hesetting of the operatinglever and adapted to retard its return movement,the operative situation of said means being variable to graduate thereturn movement of the operating-lever.

6. In a photographic shutter, a casing, exposing-blades therein, anoperating-lever for the exposing-blades pivoted in the casing, a pincarried by the operating-lever, a second lever supported in the casingand normally out of the path of movement of said pin, and a dash-pot towhich said latter lever is connected. v Y f 7. In a photographicshutter, the combination, with the actuating-lever provided with l anadjustable pin, of the pivoted lever having a lug adapted to engage withthe pin, the dash-pot having a movable plunger connected with thepivoted lever, and the spring on the 4o pivoted lever.,

8. In a photographic shutter, exposingblades, an actuating-levertherefor, mechanism to retard the movement of said actuating-lever inone direction, and a timing-pin Y mechanism, andan adjusting-nut forsaid Y nin.

l0. The combination with the actuating lever and spring, of the movableblades, suitable mechanism for'operating the blades, the exposing leverand catch, the adjustable pin on the actuating-lever, the pivoted leverhaving a lug adapted to engage with the pin, and 6o the dash-pot havinga movable plunger connected with the lever, as and for the purposessetforth.

ll. In a photographic shutter, a springactuated operating-lever having acam-slot V withV opposite inclined portions, and having a groove in theback face of the said operating-lever connecting the extreme ends of thesaid slot, and which groove is varying in its depth and deepest adjacentto the end of the 7o said cam-slot, substantially as and for thepurposes set forth.

HENRY I-I. TURNER. 'VICTOR CLARK.

Witnesses: l

GEORGE B. SELDEN, C. G. CRANNELL.

